Paintball Guns, Gear, and Safety

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Paintball is a sport in which players eliminate opponents by hitting them with pellets containing paint which is referred to as a paintball, usually propelled from a CO2 or compressed-gas powered paintball gun or marker.
The Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association estimates that over 5.4 million people played the game in the United States in 2007, with over 1.5 million playing at least 15 times.
Games can be played either indoors or outdoors and take various forms which are generally divided between woodsball played in natural, wooded terrain and speedball played on open, level fields with artificial obstacles.
Rules for playing paintball vary widely. The most common form involves two opposing teams seeking to capture their opponent's flag and return it to their starting position, but other objectives may include eliminating all of the other team's players, eliminating a specific player, defending or attacking a particular point or area, or capturing objects of interest hidden in the playing area. Depending on the style of paintball played, a game can last from seconds to hours.
Paintball equipment is central to paintball, given its equipment-intensive nature. Although good equipment by no means guarantees a good player, a good player's ability can be seriously hampered by poor-quality equipment.
In order to safely conduct a game of paintball, every player requires, at a minimum, a marker with propellant to fire the paint, a mask to protect the eyes and face, paintballs, and a loader to hold them. To ensure safety off the playing field, a barrel sock or plug is also considered compulsory.
Common additional equipment, depending on type of play, often includes gloves, a pack designed to comfortably carry pods containing extra paintballs, and a squeegee or swab for cleaning out the barrel in case a paintball breaks.
A paintball marker or paintball gun is the primary piece of equipment used in paintball to tag an opposing player. An expanding gas forces a paintball through the barrel at a muzzle velocity of approximately 300ft/s. This velocity is sufficient for most paintballs to break upon impact at a distance, but not so fast as to cause tissue damage beyond mild bruising. Nearly every commercial field has, and strictly enforces, a rule limiting the muzzle velocity of a paintball at or below 300ft/s.
The most technologically advanced paintball marker is the electropneumatic. Here, the trigger activates an electronic micro switch or a magnetic or optical sensor and information is passed to a computer-controlled solenoid valve which releases the propellant to drive the bolt forward and fire the paintball.
This microcontroller operation makes the marker operate very quickly, and allows for extremely high rates of fire. These markers are the most expensive and are generally used for tournament play where rates of fire can reach and exceed 30 balls per second.
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